ALDER HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

ALDER HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

An In-Depth Look at Alder's Characteristics, Color, Grain & More

Alder

OTHER COMMON NAMES

Alder wood is also known as Oregon Alder, Pacific Coast Alder, Red Alder, and Western Alder. [1]

LATIN NAME

Alder’s scientific name is Alnus rubra. [1]

CHARACTERISTICS - ALDER

Alder is nearly white when freshly cut, but soon show some color variation that darkens to a tan or reddish brown color that gets darker and redder as the wood ages. [2] There is no visual difference between the appearance of the heartwood and sapwood, and Alder’s straight grain pattern is usually straight with a uniform texture. [4]

MAIN USES - ALDER

Alder is suitable for furniture, doors, kitchen cabinetry, and interior paneling, as well as electric guitar bodies and certain types of millwork (like mouldings and mantels), due to its workability. Its color and grain make it a suitable substitute for cherry or mahogany while allowing for a significant cost savings. [3]

Its soft nature makes it easy to work with for both hand and machine tools. Alder is easily sanded, turned, glued, and finished. [4]

CABINETRY
FURNITURE
ELECTRIC GUITARS
DOORS
MOULDING

MILLING PROPERTIES - ALDER

Alder is typically sold in two grades: knotty and clear. Knotty alder is less expensive than clear alder, but a smooth finish can be achieved when machining both types of wood. [4]

Red alder is dried to a moisture content of about 8%. Special care must be taken during the drying process because extractives in the wood can cause mottling. [1]


HARDWOOD PROPERTIES - ALDER

Alder rates 590 on the Janka Hardness Scale, so it’s not a good choice for tabletops, countertops, or any other surface that takes a great deal of abuse (like hardwood flooring). It also shouldn’t be used for any exterior projects. Its pore structure, however, allows it to readily take stain without prior treatment. [1]

Janka Hardness Scale


ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE - ALDER

Alder grows most sustainably in the northwest portion of North America with its range spreading south to California and east to parts of Idaho and Montana. It is the most abundant hardwood lumber in the Pacific Northwest, and grows most densely in the area around Washington’s Puget sound, and northern Oregon.

It grows up the coast of western Canada to southeastern Alaska, and prefers to grow at lower elevations with moist conditions throughout its range. [1]

 

Trees can grow from 100 to 130 feet tall, and reach a diameter of up to 3 feet. [4]

Volume of live trees on forest land, 1000 m3

All data derives from Forest Inventory Data Online (FIDO), a component of the U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA). Data was compiled by AHEC in January 2016 using the most recent state inventory available (2014 for most states). "Forest volume" refers to "net volume of live trees on forest land," as defined by FIA (see glossary). FIA forest volume data is available for 49 U.S. states (Hawaii and Washington D.C. are omitted) with total hardwood forest volume of 18.1 billion m3 of which 13.5 billion m3are commercially significant.


ALDER PRODUCTS AT BAIRD BROTHERS

Baird Brothers Fine Hardwoods is happy to assist with any questions you have about our alder wood products, including Alder S4S Lumber, Alder Rough lumber, Alder Plywood, and other items, like a variety of alder hardwood mouldings.

 

Please call 1-800-732-1697 or Contact Us if you need help with our extensive inventory.


COMPARISON TO OTHER WOOD SPECIES

Source: The Department of Agriculture's Wood Handbook

LumberSpecific GravityJanka HardnessModulus of Elasticity (MPa)Impact Bending (mm)Grain
African Mahogany --- 830 lb 9,700 --- Medium/Coarse
Alder 0.41 590 lb 9,500 510 Fine
Ash 0.6 1,320 lb 12,000 1,090 Fine
Basswood 0.37 410 lb 10,100 410 Fine
Beech 0.64 1,300 lb 11,900 1,040 Fine/Medium
Birch, Yellow 0.62 1,260 lb 13,900 1,400 Fine
Cedar, Western Red 0.32 350 lb 7,700 430 Fine
Cherry, Brazilian 0.91 2,350 lb 22,510 --- Medium
Cherry 0.5 950 lb 10,300 740 Fine
Cypress 0.51 510 lb 6,300 --- Medium
Douglas Fir 0.48 710 lb 12,300 660 Medium/Coarse
Hemlock 0.4 540 lb 8,300 530 Coarse
Hickory 0.66 1,820 lb 11,900 1,120 Medium
Maple, Hard 0.63 1,450 lb 12,600 990 Fine
Maple, Soft 0.47 700 lb 7,900 640 Fine
Oak, Red 0.63 1,290 lb 12,500 1,090 Coarse
Oak, White 0.68 1,360 lb 12,300 940 Coarse
Pine, Eastern White 0.35 380 lb 8,500 460 Medium
Pine, Ponderosa 0.4 460 lb 8,900 480 Medium
Pine, Yellow (Shortleaf) 0.51 690 lb 12,100 840 Fine/Medium
Poplar 0.42 540 lb 10,900 610 Medium
Sapele 0.67 1,410 lb 15,930 --- Fine
Teak 0.66 1,070 lb 10,700 --- Coarse
Walnut (Black) 0.55 1,010 lb 11,600 860 Medium

*Data is based on a moisture content of 12%.

GLOSSARY

Impact Bending — In the impact bending test, a hammer of given weight is dropped upon a beam from successively increased heights until rupture occurs or the beam deflects 152 mm (6 in.) or more. The height of the maximum drop, or the drop that causes failure, is a comparative value that represents the ability of wood to absorb s hocks that cause stresses beyond the proportional limit.

Janka Hardness — Defined as resistance to indentation using a modified Janka hardness test, measured by the load required to embed a 11.28-mm (0.444-in) ball to one-half its diameter. Values presented are the average of radial and tangential penetrations.

Modulus of Elasticity — Elasticity implies that deformations produced by low stress are completely recoverable after loads are removed. When loaded to higher stress levels, plastic deformation or failure occurs.

Specific Gravity - A measure of the ratio of a wood's density as compared to water. If a wood species had the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.


SOURCES

  1. “Red Alder: The Pacific Northwest’s Most Abundant Hardwood”. Woodmagazine.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  2. "Alder". “Western Species and Grades”. Northwesthardwoods.com Accessed Aug 2021.
  3. “American Alder”. American Hardwood Export Council. Americanhardwood.org. Accessed Aug 2021.
  4. “Alder”. The Wood Database. Wood-database.com. Accessed Aug 2021.